To do a good job, one must first sharpen their tools. "This is the crystallization of ancient wisdom. Choosing the appropriate dyeing machine is crucial in the dyeing process. According to the different forms of the dyed objects, dyeing machines can be divided into five categories: loose fiber dyeing machines, stripe dyeing machines, yarn dyeing machines, fabric dyeing machines, and garment dyeing machines. These dyeing machines each have their own unique working principles and scope of application, providing strong support for the optimization of dyeing processes.
1. Bulk fiber dyeing machine
A loose fiber dyeing machine is a device specifically designed for dyeing loose fibers. Its working principle is to thoroughly mix the dispersed fibers with dye and stir and circulate them inside the machine to achieve uniform dyeing effect. This type of dyeing machine is suitable for dyeing processes that require high permeability of dye solutions to fibers, such as dyeing with certain reactive dyes.
1.1. Intermittent Bulk Fiber Dyeing Machine
The intermittent bulk fiber dyeing machine is mainly composed of components such as a loading drum, a circular dyeing tank, and a circulating pump. There is a central tube in the center of the round barrel, and small holes are filled around it and on the barrel wall. During the dyeing process, the fibers are loaded into a drum and then placed in a dyeing tank, where the dye solution is added. After starting the circulation pump, the dye solution flows out from the center tube of the drum, passes through the gap between the fibers and the drum wall, flows from the inside out, and then flows back through the center tube, forming a process of circulating stirring. In addition, some fiber dyeing machines adopt a conical pot design, in which the false bottom and pot cover are filled with small holes. When dyeing, the loose fibers are loaded into a pot, covered and compressed, and then placed into the dyeing tank. The dye solution flows through the lid of the pot from bottom to top through the action of a circulation pump, forming a circulating dyeing process.
1.2. Continuous fiber dyeing machine
The continuous bulk fiber dyeing machine is mainly composed of components such as feeding hopper, conveyor belt, liquid rolling roller, and steam box. During the dyeing process, the fibers are first transported by a conveyor belt through a feeding hopper to the front of the rolling mill, and then filled with dye solution. After being rolled by the liquid roller, the fibers enter the steaming box for steaming treatment. After steaming, soap washing and water washing should be carried out to thoroughly remove impurities and excess dye from the fibers.
2. Stripe dyeing machine
The stripe dyeing machine, as a key equipment in textile dyeing and finishing processes, is widely used in the dyeing and processing of various fibers. Its core components include feeding device, conveyor belt, dyeing cylinder, and steam chamber. During the dyeing process, the fiber strands enter the conveyor belt through the feeding device and are then sent into the dyeing tank for thorough soaking. After a certain period of steaming treatment, the fiber strips are then subjected to soap washing and water washing to remove excess dyes and impurities, ultimately resulting in uniformly colored and high-quality dyed products.
2.1. Skein dyeing machine
The skein dyeing machine, as an intermittent dyeing equipment, has a structure quite similar to that of a cylindrical fiber dyeing machine. During the dyeing process, it is necessary to place the fiber strips wound into hollow spherical shapes into the cylinder and tightly tighten the cylinder cover. Subsequently, the dye solution is driven by the circulation pump to penetrate into the interior of the skein from the outer wall hole of the cylinder, and then flows out through the upper part of the porous central tube. This process needs to be repeated until the staining work is completed.
In the dyeing process, loose fiber dyeing and wool dyeing are two different methods. Scattered fiber dyeing, which involves winding fiber strips into hollow spherical shapes and placing them in a dyeing machine for dyeing, is characterized by the uniformity of fibers and the flexibility of dyeing during the dyeing process. And the dyeing of wool strips focuses more on controlling the dyeing effect and color uniformity of wool strips. These two methods each have their own advantages, and the choice of method depends on specific dyeing and process requirements.
2.2. Woolen continuous pad dyeing machine
The structure of the continuous pad dyeing machine is quite similar to that of the continuous bulk fiber dyeing machine, and its steam box is mostly designed in a "J" shape and equipped with drying equipment.
3. Yarn dyeing machine
The yarn dyeing machine, as a key equipment in textile dyeing technology, is exquisitely designed and easy to operate. During the dyeing process, precise control of yarn dyeing can be achieved through an intelligent control system, ensuring that the dyeing effect meets expectations. In addition, this model also has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving, greatly improving dyeing efficiency and reducing production costs.
3.1. Hank dyeing machine
The hank dyeing machine is mainly composed of a square dyeing tank, a stable bracket, a yarn carrying tube, and a powerful circulation pump. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. During operation, hang the twisted yarn in an orderly manner on the yarn carrying tube of the bracket, and then place it in the dyeing tank. The dye solution flows evenly through each yarn under the drive of the circulation pump. Some models are also designed with a slow rotation function of the yarn carrying tube, and the small holes on the tube wall allow the dye to flow through the yarn in a spraying manner, thereby achieving a more uniform dyeing effect.
The working principle of the hank dyeing machine, in simple terms, is to drive the dye solution through a powerful circulation pump, so that it flows evenly through the yarn carried by the yarn carrying tube on the support. Some models are also equipped with a slow rotation function of the yarn carrying tube. Through the small holes on the tube wall, the dye solution is sprayed onto the yarn to ensure even dyeing.
3.2. Package dyeing machine
The package dyeing machine mainly consists of a cylindrical dyeing tank, a cylinder frame, a liquid storage tank, and a circulating pump, and is an intermittent dyeing equipment. In this device, the yarn is wound around a cylindrical reed tube or a porous conical tube, and then fixed on the porous sleeve of the cylinder holder in the dyeing tank. The dye solution flows into the porous sleeve of the bobbin frame through the circulation pump and starts to flow outward from the inside of the bobbin yarn. After a period of time, the flow direction will switch in the opposite direction.
3.3. Warp dyeing machine
The warp dyeing machine is mainly composed of cylindrical dyeing tanks, warp shafts, liquid storage tanks, and circulating pumps, and belongs to intermittent dyeing equipment. It was originally mainly used for dyeing warp yarns, but now its application has expanded to fabrics with loose organization, especially for flat dyeing of synthetic fiber warp knitted fabrics. During the dyeing process, warp yarns or fabrics are wound around hollow warp shafts filled with small holes and then placed into cylindrical dyeing tanks. Under the drive of the circulation pump, the dye solution flows through the small holes on the warp shaft through the yarn or fabric, and flows in reverse at set time intervals.
4. Fabric dyeing machine
Fabric dyeing machines can be divided into rope dyeing machines, roll dyeing machines, roll dyeing machines, and continuous roll dyeing machines based on their dyeing forms and characteristics. Among them, the latter three types all belong to flat dyeing equipment. For fabrics such as woolen and knitted fabrics that are prone to deformation, a loose rope dyeing machine is usually used for dyeing; Cotton fabrics are often dyed using flat dyeing machines.
4.1. Rope dyeing machine
Rope dyeing machine, also known as non nozzle dyeing machine or cylinder, is a type of intermittent dyeing equipment. Its core components include dye troughs and circular or elliptical flower basket rollers. During the dyeing process, the fabric is immersed in the dye bath in a relaxed and bent state, guided by the guide roller, lifted by the basket roller, and then falls back into the dye bath again. This cyclic operation ensures that the fabric is connected head to tail and continuously receives dyeing. Due to the majority of the time the fabric is in a relaxed state, it experiences relatively low tension, and the bath ratio (the ratio of dye bath volume to fabric weight) is typically maintained between 20:1 and 40:1.After the 1960s, rope dyeing machines were further developed, and new equipment such as jet dyeing machines, room temperature overflow dyeing machines, and air flow dyeing machines emerged. Among them, the jet dyeing machine has attracted much attention for its excellent dyeing effect. This device is particularly suitable for dyeing synthetic fiber fabrics with multiple varieties and small batches, and the fabric experiences less tension during the dyeing process. Its key components include dyeing tank, sprayer, guide pipe, heat exchanger, and circulation pump. During dyeing, the fabric is connected from head to tail and lifted by a guide roller in the dyeing bath. The liquid flow sprayed out by the sprayer advances through the guide tube, and then loosely immerses in the dyeing bath and slowly moves until it is lifted and circulated again. The dye solution is driven by a circulation pump, accelerated by a heat exchanger, and then sprayed out at high speed by an injector. The bath ratio of this dyeing machine is usually maintained between 5:1 and 10:1.Jet dyeing machines also have their unique advantages in dyeing processes. Due to the full contact between the dye solution and the fabric during high-speed spraying, the dyeing is uniform and the color is firm. At the same time, its small bath ratio design also saves a lot of dye and energy. In addition, its simple operation and easy maintenance further improve production efficiency.
4.2. Jigger Dyeing Machine
Jigger dyeing machine, as a long established flat dyeing equipment, its core components include dyeing tank, roll roller and guide roller, classified as intermittent dyeing category. During the dyeing process, the fabric is first wound flat on the first fabric roll, and then passed through the dye solution and wound onto another fabric roll. When the fabric is about to be wound, it will be wound back to the original roll roller. This complete winding process is called a process, which is repeated until the dyeing is complete. A lower liquor ratio is generally more suitable for dyeing requirements.
4.3. Roll dyeing machine
Rolling dyeing machine, combining the characteristics of intermittent and continuous dyeing, is an efficient flat dyeing equipment. It mainly consists of key components such as immersion mills and heating insulation chambers. Inside the immersion mill, it is divided into two parts: the rolling mill and the liquid tank. The design of the rolling mill is flexible, it can be two roll or three roll, and the configuration of the rolling rolls is diverse, up and down or left and right, and the pressure between the rolling rolls can be freely adjusted. In the rolling tank, after the fabric is immersed in the dyeing solution, it will be pressed by the rolling mill to ensure that the dyeing solution can penetrate deep into the fibers of the fabric. The excess dye solution will naturally flow back to the rolling liquid tank, achieving the recycling of the dye solution. Subsequently, the fabric will enter the insulation chamber, be wound into large rolls on the fabric roller, and slowly rotated and stacked in a humid and hot environment. This process usually requires a period of time to ensure that the dye can fully dye the fibers.
4.4. continuous pad dyeing range
Continuous pad dyeing machine is an efficient flat continuous dyeing equipment, especially suitable for large-scale dyeing needs. It usually consists of multiple units such as immersion rolling, drying, steaming or baking, and flat washing, and the combination method may vary depending on the properties of the dye and process conditions. In the immersion rolling process, a two roll or three roll rolling mill is often used to uniformly immerse the dye solution.
5. Garment dyeing machine
The garment dyeing machine is a device designed to meet the dyeing needs of small batches and special varieties of garments. Its operation is flexible, convenient, and efficient. The dyeing principle can refer to the following figure:
Through specific manufacturing processes, dyes and finished garments come into full contact and react within the machine, thereby achieving precise dyeing of finished garments.